The European Physical Society (EPS) has designated the Hill of Arcetri, rich in buildings of historical and scientific interest, as an EPS Historic Site. The hill hosts: Villa Il Gioiello, where Galileo Galilei spent the last years of his life (1631-1642) and finished writing his fundamental work entitled ”Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences” (1638). The Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, built in 1872 on the initiative of Giovan Battista Amici and Giovan Battista Donati. Giorgio Abetti was later to play a crucial role in its development. The National Institute of Optics, founded in 1927 by Vasco Ronchi, a leading light in the rebirth of optics in Italy. The headquarters of the former Institute of Physics, commissioned by Antonio Garbasso in 1921. A group of brilliant physicists, such as Gilberto Bernardini, Enrico Fermi, Giuseppe Occhialini, Giulio Racah, Franco Rasetti and Bruno Rossi, worked here. And it was here that Enrico Fermi wrote his fundamental work on the statistics of electrons in 1926.